How does aging typically impact pharmacotherapy in older adults?

The impact of aging on pharmacotherapy in older adults is characterized by increased sensitivity to drugs. As individuals age, physiological changes occur in the body that can affect drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. There is often a decline in renal and hepatic function, which can lead to a slower clearance of medications from the body. Additionally, age-related changes such as altered body composition (e.g., increased fat and decreased lean muscle mass) can influence how drugs are distributed within the body.

These factors contribute to a heightened sensitivity to both the therapeutic and adverse effects of medications in older adults. Consequently, older patients may experience stronger responses to standard doses of medication, which necessitates careful consideration when prescribing. This sensitivity can lead to a higher risk of side effects and adverse drug reactions, making it crucial for healthcare providers to monitor these patients closely and adjust dosages appropriately.

In contrast, enhanced drug metabolism is not typically associated with aging; rather, it often decreases. The likelihood of drug interactions generally increases due to polypharmacy, where older adults may be taking multiple medications simultaneously. Finally, drug efficacy can vary, and it is not consistently maintained in older populations because of the physiological changes that occur with aging. Thus, recognizing the increased sensitivity to drugs is