Which condition is generally associated with secondary hypertension?

Secondary hypertension is hypertension that results from an identifiable underlying condition. Kidney disease is a well-known cause of secondary hypertension because it can lead to fluid retention and hormonal imbalances that increase blood pressure. For instance, conditions like chronic kidney disease can cause an increase in renin production, which contributes to elevated blood pressure through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

In contrast, while genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors can contribute to primary hypertension, they are not typically considered causes of secondary hypertension. Similarly, age-related changes can lead to an increase in blood pressure as part of the aging process but do not constitute an underlying disease process that would qualify as secondary hypertension. Thus, kidney disease stands out as a clear example of a condition that leads to secondary hypertension.