Which of the following is a common side effect of NSAIDs?

Renal impairment is a well-documented common side effect associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medications can affect renal function primarily through their action on the renal vasculature and the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which play a crucial role in maintaining renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. In particular, NSAIDs can reduce the production of prostaglandins, which are important for renal perfusion, especially in states of volume depletion or renal artery stenosis. Consequently, the use of NSAIDs can lead to acute kidney injury, especially in susceptible populations, such as those with preexisting renal disease, the elderly, or patients who are dehydrated.

In contrast, weight gain, insomnia, and dry mouth are not typical side effects directly associated with NSAIDs. While weight gain might be more commonly seen with certain other medications or conditions, NSAIDs generally do not cause it. Insomnia could be related to various factors, but it's not a direct side effect of NSAIDs. Similarly, while dry mouth can occur with some medications, it is not a standard side effect linked to NSAID use. Therefore, renal impairment is the most appropriate answer regarding common adverse effects associated